The French Revolution And French Revolutions - 2006 Words

Although the American and French revolutions both took place in the late 18th century, both fought for independence, and both portrayed patriotism, the revolutions are markedly different in their origins; one which led to the world’s longest lasting democracy and the other to a Napoleonic Dictatorship. Political revolutions in America and France happened because people felt dissatisfied with the way their country was run. In North America they rebelled against rule from a foreign power, they wanted to rule themselves. In France the citizens executed their weak king and tried to introduce a democracy. Many features distinguish the French Revolution of English and American revolutions that preceded it. Finances: Both the American Revolution and the French Revolution were products of desperate economic conditions. France was having a budget crisis, they were bankrupt. Years of bad budgetary decisions and failed efforts to fix the problems. The king was forced to call together the estates general, a meeting of all three groups of the classes. During the meeting of the Estates General, the Third Estate spoke out on their unfair treatment. However, the nobles and clergy also felt that they too were being treated unfairly. Images of hungry and poor French peasants are still familiar. France was in crisis. Food was scarce, prices were high and the government was bankrupt. In order to line the royal coffers, Louis could either borrow or raise taxes, but first he would haveShow MoreRelatedThe French Revolution And The Revolution1523 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution was a time rife with violence, with many revolutionaries using extreme actions to overturn the French Monarchy and create a government based on equality and justice, rather than tyranny and despotism. This violence reached gruesome and terrible heights throughout the revolution, but was justified by the revolutionaries, who believed that their goals of total equality, the end of tyranny, and the return to a virtuous society, allowed them to use means necessary to attain theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1336 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis The French Revolution was such an important time history. Not only was it a massacre with many lives being lost, including that of Queen Marie Antoinette and her husband King Louis XVI, it was also a time of great political turmoil which would turn man against man that being the case of Edmond Burke and Thomas Paine. Edmond Burke a traditionalist who believed the people should be loyal to the king against his former friend, Thomas Paine a free thinker who believed in order for things toRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1040 Words   |  5 PagesWhile there were political and social causes of The French Revolution the most important cause was actually economic. A few years before the French’s revolution the French spent approximately 1.3 billion livres, 13 billion dollars, on the American Revolution. This gracious contribution caused trouble at home. The French Revolution was one of the most important events in history. While it changed the social structure in France it also affected many different countries across the world. â€Å"the treeRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1640 Words   |  7 Pages The French Revolution is often seen as one of the most influential and significant events in world history (Voices 9). The surge of rebellion present in those against the old regime, or Ancien Rà ©gime, inspired reformers for generations to come. Nevertheless, the French Revolution would not have occurred without the aid of the Enlightenment Thinkers, or Philosophà ©s. These Philosophà ©s’ ideas sparked the French Revolution. Prior to the French Revolution, France was radically different. It was theRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1321 Words   |  6 Pages The French Revolution The French Revolution was an iconic piece of history that help shape the world. It was a time were great battles occurred. Blood sheds happen almost every day. The streets were red by the blood of bodies that were dragged from being beheaded. The economy was in bad shape. But before all of this the French had a few goals but there was one goal that they all wanted and that was to get rid of the monarchy. This idea did not arrive out of nowhere, the commoners were influenceRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1223 Words   |  5 Pages French Revolution As the Enlightenment began in the middle of the 17th century, people began to use reason rather than stick to tradition. New Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe such as ideas on government. Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousenan believed that the best government was one formed with the general consent of the people. Other Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire and Montesquieu believed in freedom of speech and a separation of power within the government. All of theseRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1221 Words   |  5 PagesWhen people think of the French Revolution, they immediately think of the country of France and how the Revolution affected it. What most people do not think about however, is how the Revolution affected other countries, specifically the country of England. England was affected positively and negatively by the Revolution in that there was an increase of political involvement, but there was a collapse in the economy due to war declared by France. The French Revolution created a battle of conflictingRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution Essay2029 Words   |  9 PagesThe French Revolution was a period of great change it France. It was marked with approximately 10 years of extreme political, social and economic change, brought on by a great unrest from the French public, more specifically the third estate. The French Revolution is often deemed as one of the most pivotal moment in Modern European and world history. It is commonly referred as a political revolution with social consequences .It was perhaps one of the most volatile moment in history, historians themselvesRead MoreThe French Revolution And The Revolution1812 Words   |  8 PagesThe French Revolution was caused by a number of factors, all of which contributed to substantial shifts in lifestyle, government and power in France from 1789 to 1799 . These factors included, population growth and a declining standard of living, both of which increased pressu res on an inefficient economy. As well as writings and criticisms of the Royal government and Church, leading to harsher rule and subsequent rebellion. Also the efforts of the King and his ministers to reduce privileges, reformRead MoreThe Revolution Of The French Revolution1762 Words   |  8 PagesThe French Revolution was a huge turning point in the history of the world and also influenced a handful of future revolutions. This event also inspired a large assortment of paintings and literature. One of the most famous and recognizable paintings in the world that was created during the French Revolution was The 28th July: Liberty Leading the People. Eugà ¨ne Delacroix, whom was a French romantic artist, created this iconic painting in 1830 to commemorate the July Revolution (July 26th-29th, 1830)

System Analysis Example - 1978 Words

University of Tartu ePublishing Information System Group: | | | | | | Instructor: | | Tartu 2010 Table of Contents 1. Overview 4 Advantages of ePublishing system 4 Which problem needs to be solved? 4 Where is the problem? 4 Whose problem is it? 4 Why does it need solving? 5 How does the problem manifest itself? 5 When does it need solving? 5 What might prevent us solving it? 5 2. Strategic dependency model 6 3. Strategic rationale model 6 4. Use cases diagram 7 5. Use cases 8 6. Class diagram 10 7. Sequence diagrams 11 8. State diagram 13 9. Security analysis 14 9.1. Context and assets identification 14 9.2. Determination of security objectives 14 9.3. Risk analysis and†¦show more content†¦| Trigger: | Publish button is pressed at ePublishing website. | Preconditions: | 1. Material to be published is formatted and packaged into ePu format. | Postconditions: | i. Book is available in ePu format | Normal Flow: | 1. Author specifies the price for a book 2. Starts the publishing process 3. Book is publicly available from vendors stores | Alternative Flows: | B ook is rejected by vendors store. | Exceptions: | Automatic publishing system can not be completed because of corrupted data. | Includes: | - | Priority: | High | Frequency of Use: | Medium. Once per book. | Business Rules: | Book conforms to vendor’s store rules and does not violate any laws in a country that the material is published. | Special Requirements: | - | Assumptions: | Vendor’s store is available and content submitting is possible | Notes and Issues: | This process can be carried through either by author or any user authorized to do access ePublishing system. | Use Case ID: | 2 | Use Case Name: | Preview a book | Created By: | | Last Updated By: | | Date Created: | 08.11.2010 | Date Last Updated: | 08.11.2010 | Actors: | Author | Description: | Author is able to see the formatting and contents of a book | Trigger: | Author initiates the previewing/reading process | Preconditions: | A bookShow MoreRelatedSystem Analysis and Design1287 Words   |  6 PagesSystem Analysis and Design Syllabus SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Module 1: Data and Information (3) Types of information: operational, tactical, strategic and statutory – why do we need information systems – management structure – requirements of information at different levels of management – functional allocation of management – requirements of information for various functions – qualities of information – small case study. 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What is the correct total time? This would take approximately 40 days using a five-day work week. I figured this out by taken each task step by step and adding them together since site preparations will take 3 days, plus setting buildingRead MoreModern System Analyst Chapter 1 Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pages HW: Ch. 1 problems and exercises 1. Why is it important to use systems analysis and design methodologies when building a system? Why not just build the system in whatever way appears to be â€Å"quick and easy†? What value is provided by using an â€Å"engineering† approach? 2. How might prototyping be used as part of the SDLC? 3. Compare Figures 1-2 and 1-3. What similarities and differences do you see? 4. Compare Figures 1-2 and 1-4. Can you match steps in Figure 1-4 with phases in Figure 1-2? HowRead MoreThe Role of System Analyst1542 Words   |  7 Pagesimpacted the nature of system development and the environment in which the system must function. â€Å"The last decade has seen technologies and tools like the World Wide Web and object oriented analysis rapidly change the very nature of system development â€Å" 1. Developments in Information Technologies (IT) have been one of the major underlying forces that have contributed to the reshaping and reinvestigation of the knowledge and skills for the system developer mainly the system analyst. Factors suchRead MoreName: Vishnu Sukumaran. Clientrfs #Ops Security Clearance.Government807 Words   |  4 PagesEstimated # of Days System Analyst 1 249 Mandatory Skills Cross Reference to Resume Analytical and Problem Solving Skills Experience evaluating and assessing client s information and system needs and defining IT and business requirements Role/Title and Company Name Business System Analyst – GAORFID Inc – 3 months Systems Analyst – Tata Consultancy Services Ltd – 2 years Project Coordinator (Intern) – Ekana Security Inc. – 3 months Provide a specific example of how you used the mustRead MoreThe Emotional Analysis Of Video Analytics1595 Words   |  7 Pages BTP Report Emotional Analysis in Video Analytics Submitted by Anchal chandra Gupta 12114010 Banoth Ramesh 12114021 Guided By Dr. Balasubramanian R (Associate Professor) Index 1.Introduction 2.Related Work 3.Dynamics-based Emotion Representation 4.Representation of Temporal Dynamics 5.Dynamics based Expression Representation 6.Emotion Recognition 7.Multimedia content analysis(MCA) for emotional characterization of music video clipsRead MoreCollection of Information for Systems Analysis Essay examples1534 Words   |  7 PagesA critical part for systems analysis is the collection of information. 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Save this document so you can reference it as you work on building your career plan in yourRead MoreInformation Systems For An Emergency Department Or Med / Surg Unit1459 Words   |  6 PagesResources For any Information system to function correctly people are needed. IS specialist develop and operate information systems for end users to use and manage. System analysts design Information systems based on the requirements of the end users to create the desired functionality of the system. The cooperation between end users and system designers is key in developing a well-balanced and thorough information system. End Users The development of information systems requires cooperation between

Corporate Communication Theory and Practice

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Communication for Theory and Practice. Answer: Introduction: Corporate law or corporation law is the study about a company of directors, employees shareholders, creditors and stakeholders, where they related or communicate with each others. Its an important part of companys law. The assignment is related with the act of Corporation Act 2001(Cth) of Commonwealth of Australia, which corporate with Business Enterprises in Australia at federal and state level[1]. Here, the essay contains of power to issue bonus shares of shareholders and their rights to compel the board of the company for not issue the shares. It also contains the dividend of shareholders what they receive from the company and remuneration report where they can vote against the board[2]. According the sec - 254A of Corporation Act 2001, a company has power to issue three kinds of shares. Those are bonus shares, preference shares and partly paid shares. Bonus share only for the shareholders issues no consideration in with company. Preference shares only considerable for the redeemable preferences. Redeemable preference shares also issued according the terms liable to redeemed if it is happening in a proper and fixed time , according the companys or shareholders option for redemption. A company can issue preference share according following matters[3]. Those are: Repayment of amount of share to the shareholders Involvement with excess profit amount Increasing and decreasing of dividend amounts Voting process among shareholders, board members and managements A company can issue preference share only if the rights attached to the preference share with respect to the matters are set out in the companys constitution or have been otherwise approved. Redeemable preference is a part of preference share which only applicable if the terms of issues are liable to be redeemed[4]. The redeemable when: When it occurs at a proper or fixed time According the terms of company According the terms of shareholders. The share is a no liability company, if a no liability company is wound up and a surplus remains. It must be distributed among the parties entitled to it in proportion to the number of shares held by them, irrespective of the amounts paid up on the shares and which issued when excess amounts remains left, then company can distributed the amount among shareholders according their share interests. A member who is in arrears of a call on a share, but whose share has not been fortified, is not entitled to practice in the distribution based on holding that share until the amount owing it in respect of the call has been fully paid and satisfied. A company can also incorporated as no liability companies if it was registered as no liability company and cease to carry up its business within 12 months after its registration[5]. The shareholders can also issue to dealer or promoters who are never related to preference shares. Partly paid shares for the shareholders who are paid for a particular time. A company can only determine the terms of shares according their rules and regulation. The shareholders must submit an application for registration to the company according their name for providing shares. For bonus share there is no need to increase companys capital. Sec 254B described that term of issues, which include terms and rights related to that particular share. It also described that a share is not a liability for the companies, if that share is distributed between shareholders and not been forfeited. A forfeited share will not participate in distribution of shares until the amount received has been fully paid and satisfied[6]. Dividend Amount Company always paid to the shareholders out of the profits of the share. According sec 254T of Corporation Act 2001 , company may not pay the dividend amount to the shareholders unless assets of company cross its limits before declaring the dividend, the dividend amount is needs to distribute among shareholders and if it is not damage companys ability to pay its customers. Here the board of Waldmart Ltd has issue bonus shares to shareholders as because company has the power to issue bonus share. Waldmart Ltd already increases dividend amount $1.25 cents that rises 25% on last years dividend. b) Shareholders cannot directly compel or force the company to pay a dividend. There are only limited decisions where a shareholder can participate[7]. For example, making of companys article, association and casting the votes in meetings. Shareholders never ignored board or company directly[8]. If the dividend is unsatisfactory or company treated illegally then shareholders directly take steps against the board. They have 5% voting rights in AGM. . However, dividend process is changeable according the company policy. Company can only decide the amount of dividsend and when to pay. A dividend can be paid four times a year[9]. In Ford vs. the Dodge Brothers case, the Dodge Brothers sued Henry Ford for refusing to distribute companys cash to shareholders[10]. The Supreme Court gave judgment in favor of the Dodge Brothers and forced the Ford Company to pay the dividends. However, nowadays AGM is the only way in presence of shareholders where a company can change the dividend policy.[11][12] The shareholders never stop the directors from increasing and paying proposed dividend. They have right to hold a meeting where they can discuss about paid or increasing the share. According the companys rules, they can change the share policy. Shareholders have some general rights: Attending meetings Receive the annual reports from company. Participate in the meetings when company changing the share policy, dividend Right to receive the shareholders agreements Respect the companys minute book and securities registers Right to appoint directors A shareholder has legal rights and entity in a particular company where he can invest a sum of money and as a return, he gets benefits. It is the rights of shareholder to receive dividends from that company buy according the rights and regulation of that particular company. A shareholder works in a company individually[13]. They earn dividends as extra if the company is able to pay them. However, as companys constitution, company can only fixed the amount. A shareholder only own shares, not own corporation or their assets. A companys assets and liabilities are very different from shareholders assets and liabilities. When the dividend is declared, shareholders get their dividend amount but cannot demand that. The decision to skip dividends is only depends on the presumption of companys share price which will continue to grow or that its stock will remain attractive. They can also decide to not paying the dividends when they are high prospects of more earnings. Once the board decided t o pay or not pay the dividend, has declared the amount and dates.[14] Here, Jim Smith the manager Better Super Ltd which holds 4% of the shares in Waldmart Ltd and the shareholders of the company thought that bonus share issue was completely unnecessary and increasing the divided amount also. There is no right of shareholders to stop the directors of Waldmart Ltd. Remuneration is the basic salary that employee gets for his/her employment. It also includes the bonus or other benefits that an employee gets during employment. The minimum wage is the lowest remuneration that an employer can offer employee. The shareholders are also indirect employee in a company. They get remuneration according their investments in shares[15]. Remuneration reports are included in the Directors report detailing with remuneration that a shareholder gets, payment, policies, and share interests. Shareholders at Annual General Meeting must vote the remuneration report. The directors and other managements never voted in the remuneration report. They avoid doing this for keeping them in distance from any conflicts related to give votes about the remuneration reports[16]. Two-strike test describe the voting process events where the shareholders can vote against the Remuneration Repots. The first strike happens, when Remuneration reports receives no votes of more than 25% at the Annual General Meeting. If it occurs then company explain weather and the extent to which shareholders may concern to taken in to their accounts[17]. The second-strike test occurs when companys consequent Remuneration Report gets a no vote of 25% or more than 25%. In this matter, the shareholders will give votes in the same Annual General Meeting where directors must stand for re-election within 90 days [18]. However, directors or other management parties will not to be allowed to vote on this re-election. If the vote process is passed with at least 50% or more than 50% votes then directors must arrange for a spill meeting within 90 days[19]. In addition, if needed to give a notice for the spill meeting then the directors must publish that in the same AGM at the time of second strike. The notice of spill meeting must contain the circumstances of in which the resolution or meeting will apply and invites shareholders to apply again for the proxy voting[20]. The company will give the minimum notice period for the spill meeting where it is also includes the nomination of candidates. At the spill meeting, directors must leave or vacate their positions for those managements who are presented in recent AGM. After the spill meeting end, the managements will have the power of cease to hold the office [21]. The company if failed to proceeds the spill resolution in between 90 days after passing the spill vote process, then the directors and the management will have committed an offence[22]. A proxy voting is applicable only for the shareholders. It is must to cast for every directed proxy. However, when shareholders are voting on the Remuneration Report in a spill meeting, if the nominated proxy holder does not give his vote to the proxy then automatically, it will transfer to the chairperson who must voted all directed proxy holders. Company must disclose their Remuneration Report with all details of information with the help of remuneration consultants.[23] If any conflicts arise regarding the position then the consultant, determine or help to proceed. The remuneration consultant always hired by the non-executive directors.[24] In Waldmart Ltd, if the shareholders vote against the remuneration report and a second strike occurs, then the directors of the company will arrange for a spill meeting in between 90 days of the recent AGM. The proxy voting only decides to pass for a new remuneration report. Conclusion This essay emerges successfully provided the information about the shareholders rights and liabilities to issue bonus shares according the Corporation Act 2001(Cth). The power to issue of bonus by shareholder is briefly described according the acts. The shareholders of Waldmart Ltd have the power to issue bonus but they never compel or force the board for not issuing the shares. The dividend amount that board distributed among shareholders are always decides by the board members and they can change their policy according the statue of the company where shareholders never interfere in the decisions of the company. The other conclusion about the remuneration report is if the shareholders vote against the remuneration report and a second strike occurs, then the directors of the company will arrange for a spill meeting in between 90 days of the recent AGM. The proxy voting only decides to pass for a new remuneration report. Reference Bainbridge, Stephen.Corporate Law. West Academic, 2015. Cassidy, Julie.Corporations law: text and essential cases. Federation Press, 2008. Cornelissen, Joep.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage, 2014. Davenport, Shayne, and David Parker.Business and law in Australia. Law book Co, 2012. Ferran, Eils, and Look Chan Ho.Principles of corporate finance law. Oxford University P Hanrahan, Pamela F., Ian Ramsay, and Geofrey P. Stapledon. "Commercial applications of company law." (2013). Liu, Chen, William B. Rouse, and Zhongyuan Yu. "When transformation fails: Twelve case studies in the american automobile industry."Journal of Enterprise Transformation5.2 (2015): 71-112. Morrissey, Daniel J. "The Riddle of Shareholder Rights and Corporate Social Responsibility."Brook. L. Rev.80 (2014): 353. Renneboog, Luc, and Peter G. Szilagyi. "How relevant is dividend policy under low shareholder protection?."Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money(2015). Stout, Lynn. "The Corporation and the Law 1."Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society158.4 (2014): 364. Travlos, Nickolaos G., Lenos Trigeorgis, and Nikos Vafeas. "Shareholder wealth effects of dividend policy changes in an emerging stock market: The case of Cyprus." (2015).

While On Vacation In Acapulco Mexico, I, Along With My Family And Frie

While on vacation in Acapulco Mexico, I, along with my family and friends took a tour by boat to a small resort island. As we approached, I was awestruck by it's beauty. I knew this was going to be fun, but had no idea that this place would be forever etched in my mind. We were greeted at the dock by two natives dressed in brightly colored tropical shirts, white pants and shoes. They were also wearing smiles just as bright. They escorted us to an open-air type restaurant with a thatched roof that was actually attached to the pier at which we docked The restaurant had a casual atmosphere that made us very comfortable. The food was served buffet style, with an elegant array of Mexican and American cuisine. The entertainment provided in the restaurant during and after the buffet was de- lightful. A ten minute introduction to the Mexican culture was followed by an intriguing native dance, performed by a man dressed in an authentic looking costume consisting of only a rawhide g-string with a short apron front. His sandals had leather cords winding halfway up his legs. This dance depicted a story of a hunter and his prey. It was narrated by a woman who was also in costume. Brightly dressed Mexican men were beating drums and banging sticks providing the sound effects for the story. This was truly a great beginning to a wonderful afternoon. Behind the restaurant was a low mountainous area, accessible by walking trails only. We hiked one of these trails, observing the brightly colored tropical plants and trees that flourished on this well maintained terrain. A beautiful waterfall added to the splendor, and when we reached the top, a lookout provided a panoramic view of the entire bay. What a breathtaking sight! There was a bar here, and after a cool drink we decided to head down. We took a different trail down that brought us to the base of the mountain. In front of us, about 150 feet was the beach. It was 90 degrees and the Mexican sun made the sand hot under our feet. However, a gentle breeze kept us comfortable otherwise. On the beach we rented a cabana, which is little more than a thatched umbrella, table and beach chairs. There, we sat and enjoyed one of those big tropical drinks that has fruit on the edge of the glass and a small umbrella of its own. Staring out into the bay from my chair, was possibly the most serene feeling I have had in all my life. There were many people around and they were making plenty of noise, but my mind was absorbed with the natural beauty of this place. It was like none that I had ever seen before. Looking across the bay towards the mainland, with all its hustle and bustle, I felt as if I had found paradise. I had been to the ocean twice before, but only in the U.S., and never to a bay. Bay waters are much calmer, and therefore much clearer-so clear, in fact, that at a depth of six feet I was able to see a penny. The color of the water is also amazingly different from ocean water. The intensity of the blue color is almost fluorescent. After we rested, we decided it was time to get wet, so we donned our snorkeling gear and entered the warm water. I had never snorkeled before, but it wasn't long before I felt comfortable. Most of our experience was in very shallow water and I don't think it was ever necessary to go down more than ten feet. The fish didn't seem to be bothered by our presence, and although I don't know what kind they were, I touched two of them, and there reaction was only to flip there tail. About forty feet out from the beach it was still only about seven or eight feet deep, and that's where the coral appeared. This is something that no television or video could do justice to. The vivid colors of the coral alone were enough to make this whole trip worth while. There were many different types of fish, most of them with vibrant colors,

Dell Computer Technology essays

Dell Computer Technology essays Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. Dell has a broad product development scope, ranging from home PCs to products for businesses, such as notebooks, network servers and workstations. The market for PCs targeted for all ages such as kids, teenagers, corporate and institutional customers. The company was based on a simple concept that Dell could best understand customers needs and efficiently provide the most effective computing solutions. The key components of its strategies are quick-moving, direct distribution channels and build to order, customization concept. As far as this particular strategy plan is concerned, Dell will develop and provide various choices for different customers to cater their needs and satisfactions. THE STRATEGIES OF DELL COMPUTER CORPORATION Dell has a number of distinctive competences. Dell was the first PC manufacturer to cut out the middleman and sell PCs directly to consumers. The strategy of Dell is using direct sales as the channel of distribution. This is necessary to keep the cost of the product down as per the strategy of Dell. In addition, the ability to continue to improve infrastructure (personnel and information systems) has made Dell to continually increase its operational efficiencies as the so-called Price for Performance. This superior design attracted many consumers and also other competitive rivals like (IBM, Compaq and Hewlett Packet. Dell utilizes the Internet (E-Commerce) for procurement, management, and distribution. More importantly, Dell is the low price leader in the PC market, Dell can consistently under price rivals by reducing its value chain and also support programs tailored to customer needs such as customization, service and support, and latest technology. The competitive advantage of Dell is the ability to bring to the market the computer system that is desired by the cus ...

How To Outline A Memoir A 3-Step Guide To Organization

How To Outline A Memoir A 3-Step Guide To Organization How to Outline Your Memoir (in 3 Powerful Steps) For aspiring memoirists, one of the trickiest hurdles comes after the beginning moment of inspiration. You get the brilliant idea to write a memoir, sit down at your computer all ready to spill out your story, and†¦you realize you don’t know how to start.Now you might be hit by a flurry of doubts:Where should I begin writing my life-story?How do I know what to include in my memoir?How can I make sure that other people want to read about me and my story?If you’re asking these questions, the solution is simple: write an outline. In this post, we look at how you can turn your assorted memories into a rock-solid outline that will make it that much easier to write (and publish!) your memoir.Why outline?According to Zadie Smith, there are two types of writers in the world: micro managers and macro managers. They are sometimes known as plotters and pantsers. If you’re the former, you may already have started outlining your memoir in your head - so skip ahead to th e next section for concrete tips and get the ball rolling on your outline.If you’re a pantser (someone who writes â€Å"by the seat of their pants†), you may need convincing as to the benefits of outlining. In a nutshell: a week of outlining now could save you a year of torturous revision down the road. Outlining - and figuring out such things as theme and scope - can give your story a sense of purpose before you even start writing it. It’s particularly important for memoirists to have a firm grasp on this before entering the drafting stage. Otherwise, they’re particularly susceptible to simply spilling unstructured memories on paper. Tip: 1 week of outlining now can save you 1 year of torturous revision in the future. As you write your memoir, you may recall another compelling moment from your life or come to an epiphany that might change the thematic direction of your memoir. You should never hesitate to explore them. However, a â€Å"goal without a plan is just a wish,† as Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©ry said. It’s good to spend some time on an outline and have an initial roadmap in front of you, so that you know in which direction you’re heading - and what point you’re trying to make.

Sponsorship Agreements of Turkish Airlines Dissertation

Sponsorship Agreements of Turkish Airlines - Dissertation Example The intention of this study aviation industry that characterized by financial crisis arising from oil prices, augmenting competition, decline in fare rates, changing consumer expectations and political and economic constraints. Under such turbulent environment, one airline company, which has showed signs of constant growth and responsive marketing, is Turkish Airlines. Turkish Airlines was established in the year 1933 with an initial aircraft fleet of only five. However, with its strategic approach and aggressive marketing tactics, it very soon grabbed the status of a 4-start company with a jaw-hopping 144 aircraft fleet running across 166 destinations. It also bagged the Award of Best Airline in Southern Europe. It also signed sponsorship agreement with Manchester United as an extension of its sponsorship activity and will serve as the medium of travel for players and officials for three and a half years. Despite less connection between Manchester United and Turkish Airlines fleet a nd destinations, its officials remark the deal as one step ahead in contributing to their brand value and demonstration of quality and service in their offerings. However, rumours are rising on the Club’s intention of sailing through their debt position with the help of this deal and no promising advantages accruing to the Airlines in return. The national airlines company of Turkey, Turkish Airlines’ moves to participate in the sponsorships for the golf events to be held in Turkey is considered another key step for the marketing of its brand. The airlines company has already tied itself with international brands like FC Barcelona and Manchester United for its sponsorship events in the field of football. Turkish Airlines new sponsorship event was tagged as â€Å"Turkish Airlines Challenge† and was tied up with the European Golf event European Challenge Tour. Another sponsor for a sub-event in the golf arena was also done by Turkish Airlines to sponsor the women p articipation in the golf event. These types of events held at the international level draws in huge crowds and is aired across national and international borders. Thus aiming to sponsor such events signify introducing the company to a

Collaboration and Peer Reviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Collaboration and Peer Reviews - Essay Example Also, a project can be completed much faster when collaborating because each team member can focus just on what they are good at. Working as an individual requires someone to be involved in every role; group work means that each person can specialize. On the other hand, collaboration on a project means that some people may slack off because they think that others will do the work for them. Some people are just naturally lazy, so being part of a group allows them to receive a grade that they don’t deserve. Another disadvantage to working as a group is that there can be disagreements among group members. A famous saying that shows this is â€Å"too many cooks spoil the broth.† The same can sometimes be true in collaborating on a project—everyone thinks that they know what is best for the group and they try to impose their views on others. No one is willing to compromise and, as a result, the project turns out to be a disaster. By reviewing my peers’ writing, I have been able to get different views on how to write a paper. Everyone has a different style when it comes to writing, so to learn from someone else’s style can benefit my own writing. Of course, some of my peers’ writing may not be up to scratch; this is where I can offer advice and hopefully improve their writing ability. In doing this, I can think through the thought processes that go into writing and I can adapt my style so that I am a better writer in the long term. The good thing about getting my papers reviewed by my peers is that hopefully they will pick up on something that I may have missed. Because they have attended most of the classes with me, they have been taught the same writing principles that I have. Sometimes, another person can catch something that I haven’t because they are reading it with fresh eyes. A negative to having my peers review my papers is that they perhaps do not have a

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Essay Example for Free

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Essay ABSTRACT. Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks is a kind of special wireless ad hoc network, which has the characteristics of high node mobility and fast topology changes. The Vehicular Networks can provide wide variety of services, ranges from safety and crash avoidance to internet access and multimedia applications. Attacking and misusing such network could cause destructive consequences. It is therefore necessary to integrate security requirements into the design of VANETs and defend VANET systems against misbehaviour, in order to ensure correct and smooth operations of the network. In this paper, I propose a security system for VANETs to achieve privacy desired by vehicles and traceability required by law enforcement authorities, in addition to satisfying fundamental security requirements including authentication, nonrepudiation, message integrity, and confidentiality. Moreover, we propose a privacy-preserving defense technique for network authorities to handle misbehaviour in VANET access, considering the challenge that privacy provides avenue for misbehaviour. The proposed system employs an identitybased cryptosystem where certificates are not needed for authentication. I show the fulfilment and feasibility of our system with respect to the security goals and efficiency. 1 INTRODUCTION VEHICULAR ad hoc networks (VANETs) are receiving increasing attentions from academic and deployment efforts from industry, due to the various applications and potential tremendous benefits they offer for future VANET users. Safety information exchange enables life-critical applications, such as the alerting functionality during intersection traversing and lane merging, and thus, plays a key role in VANET applications. Valueadded services can enhance drivers’ traveling experience by providing convenient Internet access, navigation, toll payment services, etc. Other applications are also possible including different warning messages for congestion avoidance, detour notification, road conditions (e.g., slippery), etc., and alarm signals disseminated by emergency vehicles (e.g., ambulance) for road clearance. The attractive features of VANETs inevitably incur higher risks  if such networks do not take security into account prior to deployment. For instance, if the safety messages are modified, discarded, or delayed either intentionally or due to hardware malfunctioning, serious consequences such as injuries and even deaths may occur. This necessitates and urges the development of a functional, reliable, and efficient  security architecture before all other implementation aspects of VANETs.Fundamentally,VANET security design should guarantee authentication, nonrepudiation, integrity, and in some specific application scenarios, confidentiality, to protect the network against attackers. Besides the fundamental security requirements, sensitive information such as identity and location privacy should be reserved from the vehicle owner’s perspective, against unlawful tracing and user profiling, since otherwise it is difficult to attract vehicles to join the network. On the contrary, traceability is required where the identity information need be revealed by law enforcement authorities for liability issues, once accidents or crimes occur. In addition, privilege revocation is required by network authorities (e.g., network administrator) once misbehaviour is detected during network access. It is less difficult to prevent misbehavior of unauthorized users (i.e., outsiders)since legitimate users and roadside units (RSUs) can simply disregard communication requests from outsiders by means of authentication. Nevertheless, misbehaviour of legitimate users of VANETs (i.e., insiders) is more difficult and complex to prevent, the reason being that insiders possess credentials issued by the authority to perform authentication with peer vehicles or RSUs who canbe  easily tricked into trusting the insiders. Consequently, the insiders misbehaviour will have much larger impact on the network and will be the focus of this paper. I proposed system in this paper and many recent proposals on VANET security provide the option of using anonymous credentials in authentication, rendering it even more complex to handle misbehaviour in VANETs, since the user identity is hidden and cannot be linked arbitrarily which curbs the punishment of misbehaving users. Contributions. Given the conflicting goals of privacy and traceability, and the challenges in designing a privacy-preserving defense scheme for VANETs,  i motivated to propose a security system that can effectively and efficiently solve the conflic ts and challenges. Specifically, my main contributions in this paper include: 1. I propose a pseudonym-based scheme to assure vehicle user privacy and traceability. 2. I design a threshold signature-based scheme to achieve nonframeability in tracing law violators. In this scheme, an innocent vehicle cannot be framed by a corrupted law enforcement authority due to rolesplitting mechanism. 3. A novel privacy-preserving defense scheme is proposed leveraging threshold authentication. It guarantees that any additional authentication beyond the threshold will result in the revocation of the misbehaving users. This defense scheme differs from others mainly in that it yields flexibility in the revocation (i.e., not all types of misbehaviour should be punished). Moreover, the dynamic accumulators in the threshold authentication technique facilitates each user to place further restrictions (besides the threshold) on other communicating users, which is an attractive feature to service providers. 4. My design incorporates mechanisms that guarantee authentication, nonrepudiation, message integrity, and confidentiality. 2 RELATED WORK There is a large body of research work related to the security and privacy in VANETs. The most related works are on the design of privacypreserving schemes. Raya and Hubaux [1]investigated the privacy issue by proposing a pseudonym-based approach using anonymous public keys and the public key infrastructure (PKI), where the public key certificate is needed, giving rise to extra communication and storage overhead. The  authors also proposed three credential revocation protocols tailored for VANETs, namely RTPD,RC2RL, and DRP [5], considering that the certificate revocation list (CRL) needs to be distributed across the entire network in a timely manner. All the three protocols seem to work well under conventional public key infrastructure (PKI). However, the authors also proposed to use frequently updated anonymous public keys to fulfillusers requirement on identity and location privacy. If this privacy preserving technique is used in conjunction with RC2RL and DRP, th e CRL produced by the trusted authority will become huge in size, rendering the revocation protocols highly inefficient. A lightweight symmetric-key-based security scheme for balancing  auditability and privacy in VANETs is proposed in [2]. It bears the drawback that peer vehicles authenticate each other via a base station, which is unsuitable for inter vehicle communications. Gamage et al. [6] adopted an identity-based (IDbased) ring signature scheme to achieve signer ambiguity and hence fulfill the privacy requirement in VANET applications. The disadvantage of the ring signature scheme in the context of VANET applications, is the unconditional privacy, resulting in the traceability requirement unattainable. Group signature-based schemes are proposed in [4] where signer privacy is conditional on the group manager. As a result, all these schemes have the problem of identity escrow, as a group manager who possesses the group master key can arbitrarily reveal the identity of any group member. In addition, due to the limitation of group formation in VANETs (e.g., too few cars in the vicinity to establis h the group), the group-based schemes [4]may not be applied appropriately. The election of group leader will sometimes encounter difficulties since a trusted entity cannot be found amongst peer vehicles. There are also a number of defense techniques against misbehaviour in VANET literature besides those in [1]. An indirect approach via the aid of infrastructure is used in [4].The TA distributes the CRL to the infrastructure points which then take over the TA’s responsibility to execute the revocation protocol. The advantage of this approach is that vehicles never need to download the entire RL. Unfortunately, the conditional anonymity claimed in [4]. only applies to amongst peer vehicles, under the assumption that the infrastructure points are trusted. The infrastructure points can reveal the identity of any vehicle at any time even if the vehicle is honest. Recently, Tsang et al. [7]proposed a blacklistable anonymous credential system for blocking misbehavior without the trusted third party (TTP).The blacklisting technique can be applied to VANETs as: if the vehicle fails to prove that it is not on the blacklist of the current  authenticator, the authenticator will ignore the messages or requests sent by this vehicle. Although not proposed specifically for VANETs, the proposal in [7] has a similar claim as the capability of a TTP (network authority in this paper) to recover a user’s identity in any case is too strong a punishment and highly undesirable in some scenarios. The downside of this  technique is the lack of options to trace misbehaving users, since any user in the system(misbehaving or not)will by no means be identified by any entity including the authorities. I proposed a privacy-preserving defense scheme against misbehavior in [8] leveraging threshold authentication technique. This scheme and the scheme in [3] both preserve user privacy, and simultaneously provide trace ability (i.e., tracing law violators by enforcement authorities in [3] and tracing misbehaving users by network authorities in [8]). The major differences between these schemes are the different technical realizations of the privacy and traceability schemes, due to the different application 3 SYSTEM MODEL We describe the functionalities of our security system and define security requirements in this section. 3.1 Overview Major entities in a VANET environment are depicted in A VANET system diagram. As mentioned before, traceability is needed by law enforcement authorities (LEAs) who require the identity of a violating vehicle to be disclosed for investigating the cause of accidents or crimes. Due to the seriousness of liability issues, if a single authority (e.g., the police) is fully capable of revealing the vehicle identity, this privilege may be abused. It is desirable if two or more authorities (e.g., the police, judge, special agents, and other possible law enforcement authorities) are granted distributed control over the identity retrieval process. One benefit in doing so is that corrupted authorities (the number being less than the threshold) cannot arbitrarily trace vehicle users to compromise their privacy. Another benefit is that malicious authorities cannot falsely accuse (or frame) honest users. Such role-splitting is not required for network authorities since the threshold authentication technique in our defense scheme prevents a network authority from falsely accu sing honest users. The proposed security system primarily consists of techniques addressing the privacy, traceability, nonframeability, and revocation (only by network authorities) issues. The  logic diagram of the entities interactions is depicted in logic diagram, where the arrowed lines indicate the direction of packet flow or physical communications, the bracketed numbers near each line index the major events or procedures between the connected entities. The vehicle users are split into access group owners and members, whereas the RSUs can only be access  group owners. The entities and events/procedures are described in what follows. 3.2 Entities and Procedures The entities in this system are the regional transportation authorities (RTAs), law enforcement authorities (LEAs),network authorities, roadside infrastructure including border RSUs for pseudonym management and regular RSUs (simply RSUs) for Internet access, and vehicle users. Considering practical scenarios, the RSUs in this system are mainly responsible for providing infrastructure access and network services. The RSUs are assumed to be operated by third-party service providers (SPs) who have business contracts with the RTA to build access infrastructure in the RTA’s region. The RSUs are thus not owned by the RTA and have no preestablished trust relationship with the RTA. On the other hand, borders RSUs are owned and operated by the RTA, and can be considered as the agents who are delegated with the RTA’s authority. These entities are involved in the following procedure:  may be caused by malfunctioning hardware and thus is incidental. These types of misbehavior share a common feature, i.e., their occurrence or frequency is low, specifically, lower than a predetermined threshold. Threshold authentication-based defense further consists of six sub-procedures: Membership registration: RSUs and vehicle users register with the RTA to use VANETs. Upon successful registration, a member public/private key pair (mpk;msk) is issued to each RSU and vehicles. The RTA associates the member’s credential with the issued public key and includes this pair of information into a credential list IDlist. Access group setup: RSUs and vehicles setup their own access groups, the member of which is granted privilege to communicate with the access group owner. The group owner adds members to the group and updates related public information. Each added member obtains an access key mak for the group. Access group revoking: The access group owner revokes the granted privilege when deciding to stop communications with a member, due to some decision criteria for misbehaviour. The access group owner removes the member from the access group and updates related public information. Threshold authentication: This procedure is executed between an RSU and a vehicle, or between peer vehicles. We call the authenticator in this procedure Alice who announces the threshold k possibly different for each user being authenticated. The  authentication succeeds if and only if the following conditions are met simultaneously: the user Bob authenticating with Alice is a registered member of the VANET system, Bob is a legitimate member of Alice’s access group (if Alice is an access group owner) whose member privilege has not been revoked, and the authentication threshold has not been exceeded. Alice records the authentication transcripts in AUTHlog: Tracing: This procedure is used by Alice to trace a misbehaving member Mn who attempts to authenticate more than k times. Alice relies on the AUTHlog and public information, and obtains Mn’s credential n as the procedure output which is reported to the RTA.Revocation/recovery: Upon receiving the complaints from other entities in the system as the output of Tracing, the RTA decides if the misbehaving member’s credential needs to be revoked. The RTA then performs the identity recovery by looking up the same pseudonym lookup table PLT (cf.System setup above) which also records the correspondence between the credential n and identity IDn. Note that for the ease of presentation, we assume the RTAs to act as network authorities for the defense scheme in this paper. In reality, when the roles of RTA and network authority System setup: This procedure is executed by the RTA for initial VANET system setup including domain parameter publication, public/private key assignment for entities in the system to perform desired tasks, and database creation for storing necessary records (i.e., the pseudonym lookup table PLT). Pseudonym generation and authentication for privacy: RTA and border RSUs execute this procedure to assign pseudonym/private key pairs to both vehicles traveling in their home domain and vehicles from other RTAs’ domains, so that these vehicles are able to authenticate with RSUs and other vehicles to obtain services and useful messages. Threshold signature for nonframeability: This procedure is invoked by LEAs to share the secret information for recovering a guilty vehicle’s identity. Meanwhile, it prevents corrupted authorities from gathering full power to accuse an innocent vehicle. The functional component of this procedure is the threshold signature. Threshold-authentication-based defense: Designed for the network authorities, this procedure is used to revoke a misbehaving vehicle’s credential, refraining the vehicle from further disrupting system operations. As the core of this procedure, the threshold authentication  technique provides a mechanism to allow certain types of misbehavior that should not result in revocation. For instance, the misbehavior  are separate, the network authority can simply take charge as the RTA in the above sub procedures. Nonetheless, in the execution of Revocation/recovery, the network authority needs to establish trust with or be delegated by the RTA in order to access the PLT. When we mention network authorities in what follows, we implicitly refer to RTAs in the network authority role. 3.3 Security Requirements I define the security requirements for a VANET security system, and will show the fulfillment of these requirements after presenting the design details. 1. Privacy: The privacy requirement states that private information such as vehicle owner’s identity and location privacy is preserved against unlawful tracing and user profiling. 2. Traceability: It is required where the identity information of violators need be revealed by law enforcement authorities for liability purposes. The traceability requirement also indicates that a misbehaving user will be identified and the corresponding credential revoked, if necessary, by network authorities, to prevent this user from further disrupting system operations. Certain criteria have to be met for the traceability of a misbehaving user as explained in the next section. 3. Nonframeability: Nonframeability requires that no entity in the system can accuse an honest user for having violated the law or misbehaved. 4. Other requirements: A secure VANET system should satisfy several fundamental requirements, namely, authentication, nonrepudiation, message integrity, and confidentiality where sensitive information is being exchanged, to protect the system against unauthorized-message injection, denial of message disseminations, message alteration, and eavesdropping, respectively. Nonrepudiation also requires that violators or misbehaving users cannot deny the fact that they have violated the law or misbehaved. 4 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK I have presented the VANET security system mainly achieving privacy, traceability, nonframeability, and privacy-preserving defense against misbehaviour and reducing traffic in the network. These functionalities are realized by the  pseudonym-based technique, the threshold signature, and the threshold authentication bas ed defense scheme. The ID-based cryptosystem facilitates  us to design communication and storage efficient schemes. Our future work consists of simulating the proposed security system and experimenting it in real VANET settings. REFERENCES [1] M. Raya and J-P. Hubaux, â€Å"Securing Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,† J. Computer Security, special issue on security of ad hoc and sensor networks, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 39-68, 2007. [2] J.Y. Choi, M. Jakobsson, and S. Wetzel, â€Å"Balancing Auditability and Privacy in Vehicular Networks,† Proc. First ACM Int’l WorkshopQoS and Security for Wireless and Mobile Networks (Q2SWinet ’05), pp. 79-87, Oct. 2005. [3] J. Sun, C. Zhang, and Y. Fang, â€Å"An Id-Based Framework Achieving Privacy and Non-Repudiation in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks,† Proc. IEEE Military Comm. Conf., pp. 1-7, Oct. 2007. [4] X. Lin, X. Sun, P.-H. Ho, and X. Shen, â€Å"GSIS: A Secure and Privacy-Preserving Protocol for Vehicular Communications,†IEEE Trans. Vehicular Technology, vol. 56, no. 6, pp. 3442-3456, Nov. 2007. [5] M. Raya, P. apadimitratos, I. Aad, D. Jungels, and J.-P. Hubaux,â€Å"Eviction of Misbehaving and Faulty Nodes in Vehicular Networks,† IEEE J. Sele cted Areas Comm., vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 15571568,Oct. 2007. [6] C. Gamage, B. Gras, B. Crispo, and A.S. Tanenbaum, â€Å"An Identity Based Ring Signature Scheme with Enhanced Privacy,† Proc.Second Int’l Conf. Security and Privacy in Comm. Networks (SecureComm ’06), Aug. 2006. [7] P. Tsang, M.H. Au, A. Kapadia, and S.W. Smith, â€Å"Blacklistable Anonymous Credentials: Blocking Misbehaving Users without TTPs,† Proc. ACM Conf. Computer and Comm. Security (CCS),pp. 72-81, 2007. [8] J. Sun and Y. Fang, â€Å"A Defense Technique against Misbehavior in VANETs Based on Threshold Authentication,† Proc. IEEE Military Comm. Conf., Nov. 2008.

The Leitmotif of Pursuit in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles Essay

The Leitmotif of Pursuit in Tess of the d'Urbervilles      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pursuit recurs in Tess of the d'Urbervilles as a strong leitmotif.   Starting with their first encounter, Alec Stoke-d'Urbervile lusts after Tess with his desire for steadily increasing thereafter.   He withholds the crucial information that he is not her cousin, and they in fact have no familial relationship whatsoever. While under the impression he is her cousin, Alec uses this ignorance to get closer to her. Feeding her strawberries in an obviously erotic manner momentarily appeases his lustful hunger.   His longing for her never abates from contact with Tess - perhaps even the opposite might be said: the more contact he has with her, the more he seems to want her.   Alec, ... ...e only way to stop this vicious cycle of pursuit is death.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Angel's description of Tess as Demeter, the goddess of chastity, and as Artemis, goddess of the hunt, seems quite fitting for Tess.   Tess Durbeyfield is, as Hardy's subtitle indicates, a pure woman and as the men in the novel demonstrate by their actions, a hunted animal. 3      

Saint George And The Dragon

This oil painting on canvass was created in 1470 by Paolo Uccello (whose real name is Paolo di Dono), an Italian artist. The subject of the painting is the story of Saint George as he overpowers and slays the dragon that has been a menace and a fright to the citizens of the city. As Saint George kills the dragon, the Libyan Princess was saved. The painting illustrated a space that is 3-dimensonal. Uccello effectively applies his skill in linear perspective. He has likewise decorated his pattern beautifully and colorfully. This can be clearly seen on the wings of the dragon. Using the canvas as a medium demonstrated the renaissance characteristic of the work of Uccello (which is the Italian word for â€Å"bird†), as he and his work belonged to that period of rebirth. Just like the way he has painted Saint George and the Dragon, the canvas vividly tells a story and thus a rational approach to the work. The characters painted in the story are presented to be elegant, beautiful and graceful. The lighting that is illustrated in the painting is not real but created for purposes of highlighting the story and not necessarily the reality of how and when the story happened. Saint George and the Dragon’s linear perspective is a semblance of old Gothic technique in painting. The skill was a challenge that renaissance artists like Uccello faced. He illustrated his paintings that convince â€Å"illusion of the way our world looks†. This then signified the temperament of artists in the Renaissance such as a sense of independence; the utilization of subjects of secular in nature as the object of the art; and the freedom of the individual style. Therefore, Paolo Uccello indeed illustrated in Saint George and the Dragon what is significant in the story as he emphasizes what is specific and at the same time, subtle ability of his imagination.

Effects of Bio fuels on the Environment Essay

Bio fuel is a type of fuel that is made out of both living or lifeless biological material and specifically, the plants as per the definition given by Shepardson, (2009). According to Shepardson, most bio fuels are in the form of esters, alcohols among others and a good example of this type of fuel is bio ethanol and bio diesel. This fuel is mostly used in vehicles and for it to be considered as a bio fuel according to Connor Steve (2008), it must consist of about 80% of renewable materials. The production of this kind of fuel has been said to be impacting negatively on the environment however though this is the case, the benefits of bio fuels cannot be dismissed altogether. As a result of this disagreement, a lot of discussions have been held over this issue something that has polarized the society between those who argue that it does not impact negatively on the environment and those that maintain that it does. This becomes the basis of this essay where the paper will take a stand and support the claims that indeed bio fuels impact negatively on the environment. According to Mongobay. com (2008), there are various types of bio fuels and one of these is E10 which over time has been greatly improved in terms of quality in that initially it contained about 90 percent of petroleum and 10 percent of ethanol but of late it is called E100 because it is almost made up of ethanol alone and about 4 percent of water. The invention of this type of fuel according to Shepardson (2009) is something that has greatly revolutionised the transport industry. These fuels have particularly been cited as one of the best ways to reduce green house gas emissions unlike it is the case with other types of fuel especially fossil fuels. Even though they are praised for this, the negative environmental consequences they have are innumerable. One of these effects according to a scientific study that was conducted in 2008 contradicts the alleged potential of this fuel to reduce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide among others; this is as per the Mongobay. com (2008). As per this study, Mongobay. com (2008) argues that growing crops with an aim of producing bio fuel leads to an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This claim according to the Green Website. co. uk is given weight by reports that were published in a science journal known as Journal Science that showed that plants that are specifically grown for the production of this fuel produce more carbon dioxide than what these plants can naturally absorb. According to these scientists Mongobay (2008), it would take decades to reverse the trend or to balance what they termed as ‘carbon debt’. Or in other words the amount of oxygen released to the atmosphere in the course of growing these crops and is yet to be absorbed. The US and the European Union have particularly been on the forefront in propagating the idea for the production of biomass as the surest way of controlling global warming (Shepardson, 2009). According to Shepardson this has forced researchers from all over the world who aims at protecting the environment to conduct researches in their bid to understand better how this would impact on the environment. One of the researches that were conducted as per the report compiled by Connor, (2008) shown that clearing Amazon’s forested land to grow soybeans would create a carbon debt that would take 319 years to be restored not mentioning the magnitude in which forests and bushes would be destroyed to grow these crops Production of biomass is labour intensive and requires a big land according to Sawahei (2009), what this means is that a lot of bushes and forests are cleared to produce raw materials for bio fuel thereby leaving the ground with no cover thereby increasing the possibility of soil erosion taking place. To Sawahei, the world requires large tracts of land for it to feed its population now amounting over six billions. By growing biomass as an alternative source of fuel would require more land that what is needed for growing crops as per the Action for Global Health (2008) and eventually there will be no natural vegetations as all land will either have been cultivated for crop production or biomass production or both. According to the Action for Global Health (2008), this greatly destroys the environment considering that vegetation cover protects soil erosion and again it is a habitat to millions of animal species (Sawahei, 2009). Apart from this, the risk of polluting water sources with phosphates and nitrates from fertilizers that are applied to boost crop production are very high (Biofuel, 2003). Water is also polluted by chemicals that are used in the production of biomass such as pesticides sprayed to get rid of pests that attack and destroy these plants. These chemicals not only pollute water but they also kill micro organisms present in the soil that in one way or the other keep the eco system working (Action for Global Health. 2008). Rogercopenh (2008) contends that by the United States embarking on campaigns to push for the use of bio fuels might mislead many third world countries into substituting land meant for growing food crops for biomass production because of the money this business would bring. According to Rogercopenh (2008) this might in turn lead to the encroachment of forests and other natural habitats which are home to millions of wild animals. It should also not be forgotten that when this green matter is harvested, there are chances that some will rot thereby producing a very bad smell and apart from rotting, some of these plants produce bad odour naturally and thus they are an environmental hazard in that they pollute the air. As per the evidence given by Franke and Reinherdt (1998), Bio fuel also kills biodiversity in terms of the variety of plants growing in a field. For biomass to be produced in large quantity, enough to keep the world going, then its production must be professionally done. What this means according to Franke and Reinherdt (1998) is that a whole field is filled with only one type of plants leading to what is known as monoculture and by doing this, other types of plants are not given a chance to grow something that indirectly leads to their extinction (Franke and Reinherdt, 1998). In doing this according to Randooke (2009), animal are also not spared in that deforestation must take place, grasslands must be cleared and wetlands are destroyed. The truth is that these areas are habitat to many species of animals and thus what this means is that these species will be killed while others are displaced. Trees naturally preserve water catchments areas and thus when land is prepared for the cultivation these reserves are destroyed (Randooke, 2009). According to the Action for Global Health, (2008) the whole bio fuel production process requires a lot of energy and basically the type of energy that is used is fossil fuel. The argument raised by the Action for Global Health (2008) is that the amount of carbon that is emitted by burning bio fuels is absorbed by crops that are grown purposely for bio fuels production but the problem is that the amount of carbon that is emitted during their production considering that carbon emitted during planting, spraying, treating and harvesting season where machines that uses fossil fuels is not cleared from the air. This claim is supported by Sawahei, (2009) who argues that even after these crops are harvested, more carbon is emitted to the atmosphere in that coal or other forms of fossil fuels such as gas are used to heat the raw materials that are used in the production of bio fuels. Though bio fuels are heavily criticised in that they cause serious negative environmental ramifications according to Connor (2008), there are other various researches that have been done which prove otherwise. Researches show that production of other forms of fuel such as fossil fuel leads to the release of more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere than it is the case with bio fuels (Science for environmental policy, 2008). One research that strongly supports this claim is the one that was done in the United Kingdom. According to the same source, what they call first generation process Life Cycle Analysis, carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by over sixty percent unlike other forms. As per Biofuels (2003), the second generation process carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced by over 80 percent. Generally according to this report, carbon dioxide emissions can be saved by an average of about 50 to 60 percent. Another advantage of using this kind of fuel according to the Greencar website (2009) is that bio fuel does not contain sulphur which is one of the main components that causes acid rains. Also considering that it is made by bio degradable materials, its chances of destroying the soil are low unlike other fuels such as fossil fuels which contaminate water sources and destroy soil when they leak into them (Science for environmental policy, 2008). In consideration of the massive evidence that is provided here above, one is justified to say that biofuels are an environmental hazard. There are a lot of researches that have been done by different researchers and most of them point to the fact that the production of bio fuels produces many effects that in one way or the other destroys the eco system for example, fertilizers that are applied on crops meant to produce biomass releases phosphates and nitrates thereby destroying soil and water. Another way through which biofuels destroys the environment is that despite the fact that a lot of forests and bushes have already been cleared for crop production, more land is snow needed for biomass production something that leads to soil erosion due clearance of bushes and the destruction of habitats that are home to many species. This indirectly leads to the extinction of these species whether plant or animals. Bibliography: Action for Global Health. 2008. New study demonstrates bio fuels negative impact on poverty, hunger and environment. Available at http://docs. google. com/gview? a=v&q=cache:elry2KJk0UgJ:ec. europa. eu/environ ment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/1si4. pdf+biofuels+,+negative+impacts+,e nvironment&hl=en&gl=ke Biofuel, 2003. Bio diesel Impacts on the environment. http://www. biofuelus. com/biofuel/biodiesel/biodiesel-impact-on-the- environment. php Connor Steve, 2008. Biofuels make climate change worse, Scientific Study concludes. Available at http://www. independent. co. uk/environment/climate-change/biofuels- make-climate-change-worse-scientific-study-concludes-779811. html

How I Became a Competitive Gamer essays

How I Became a Competitive Gamer essays To most kids, gaming has an unlimited attraction - in fact, for some, it seems to have almost taken over their souls. Nearly every kid likes to be the hero in their video games. And, I admit that I am one of them. I started playing video games when 8 years old. At first, it was all about having fun. Then, one day, I began to play a game called "Counter-Strike 1.5". This game was influential in making me thee serious competitive gamer I am today. My first memory of playing video games was "FC" games. I had to go to the gaming station to play them secretly, because my parents thought playing games was harmful to my studies and an FC was too expensive for a normal family. Unfortunately, one day I was caught right outside the station by my mother. She was angry and warned me that if I went back there to play the games again, I would lose all my allowance and pocket money. I was frightened by this threat, so for a very short while, I gave up video games. After two game-less weeks, my desire to get my hands on a game controller kicked into overdrive because my uncle bought a new game system. He was a gamer even though at that time he was 35 years old. Although he was not rich and the FC machine would cost him 200 yuan, which was as much as his monthly salary, he finally made the purchase. My aunt knew that I wanted to play badly too, so she brought the machine to my house for me on every holiday. It was great to play in my own house and also, because it was on holidays, my parents didn't stop me from playing. Those were the happiest days of a year for me. I began to dream of one day buying myself my own FC. Although I could not go into the station and play anymore, I could stand outside and watch the other kids play. I really wanted my own FC. Popular games at that time were Warriors of Fate, Cadillac's of Dinosaurs, Street Fighter, Captain Commando, and the classic RaidenX and at that time, I was a better watcher than a ...

Why School Attendance Matters and Strategies to Improve It

Why School Attendance Matters and Strategies to Improve It School attendance matters. It is arguably one of the most important indicators of school success. You cannot learn what you are not there to learn. Students who attend school regularly improve their chances of being academically successful. There are obvious exceptions to both sides of the rule. There are a few students deemed academically successful who also have attendance issues and a few students who struggle academically who are always present. However, in most cases, strong attendance correlates with academic success, and poor attendance correlates with academic struggles. To understand the importance of attendance and the influence the lack thereof has, we must first define what constitutes both satisfactory and poor attendance.   Attendance Works, a non-profit dedicated to improving school attendance, has categorized school attendance into three distinct categories. Students who have 9 or fewer absences are satisfactory. Those with 10-17 absences are exhibiting warning signs for potential attendance issues.   Students with 18 or more absences have a clear cut chronic attendance issue. These numbers are based on the traditional 180-day school calendar. Teachers and administrators will agree that the students who need to be at school the most are the ones that are seemingly seldom there. Poor attendance creates significant learning gaps. Even if students complete the make-up work, they most likely will not learn and retain the information as well as if they had been there. Make-up work can pile up very quickly. When students return from an extended hiatus, they not only have to complete the make-up work, but they also have to contend with their regular classroom assignments. Students often make the decision to rush through or completely ignore the make-up work so that they can keep pace with their regular class studies.   Doing this naturally creates a learning gap and causes the student’s grades to drop. Over time, this learning gap increases to the point where it becomes nearly impossible to close. Chronic absenteeism will lead to frustration for the student. The more they miss, the more difficult it becomes to catch up. Eventually, the student gives up altogether putting them on a path towards being a high school dropout. Chronic absenteeism is a key indicator that a student will drop out. This makes it even more critical to find early intervention strategies to prevent attendance from ever becoming an issue. The amount of schooling missed can quickly add up. Students who enter school at kindergarten and miss an average of 10 days per year until they graduate high school will miss 140 days. According to the definition above, this student would not have an attendance problem. However, all together that student would miss nearly an entire year of school when you add everything together. Now compare that student with another student who has a chronic attendance issue and misses an average of 25 days a year. The student with a chronic attendance issue has 350 missed days or almost two entire years. It is no wonder that those who have attendance issues are almost always further behind academically than their peers who have satisfactory attendance. Strategies to Improve School Attendance Improving school attendance can prove to be a difficult endeavor.   Schools often have very little direct control in this area. Most of the responsibility falls on the student’s parents or guardians, especially the elementary aged ones.   Many parents simply do not understand how important attendance is. They do not realize how quickly missing even a day a week can add up. Furthermore, they do not understand the unspoken message that they are relaying to their children by allowing them to miss school regularly.   Finally, they do not understand that they are not only setting their children up to fail in school, but also in life. For these reasons, it is essential that elementary schools in particular focus on educating parents on the value of attendance.   Unfortunately, most schools operate under the assumption that all parents already understand how important attendance is, but that those whose children have a chronic attendance issue are simply ignoring it or do not value education. The truth is that most parents want what is best for their children, but have not learned or been taught what that is. Schools must invest a significant amount of their resources to educate their local community adequately on the importance of attendance. Regular attendance should play a part in the daily anthem of a school and a critical role in defining the culture of a school. The fact is that every school has an attendance policy. In most cases, that policy is only punitive in nature meaning that it simply provides parents with an ultimatum that essentially says â€Å"get your child to school or else.†Ã‚   Those policies, while effective for a few, will not deter many for whom it has become easier to skip school than it is to attend. For those, you have to show them and prove to them that attending school on a regular basis will help lead to a brighter future. Schools should be challenged to develop attendance policies and programs that are more preventive in nature than they are punitive. This begins with getting to the root of the attendance issues on an individualized level. School officials must be willing to sit down with parents and listen to their reasons for why their children are absent without being judgmental. This allows the school to form a partnership with the parent wherein they can develop an individualized plan for improving attendance, a support system for follow through, and a connection to outside resources if necessary. This approach will not be easy. It will take a lot of time and resources. However, it is an investment that we should be willing to make based on how important we know attendance to be.   Our goal should be to get every child to school so that the effective teachers we have in place can do their jobs. When that happens, the quality of our school systems will improve significantly.

Multinational corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multinational corporation - Essay Example The areas of corporate social responsibility are such as management of the environment, maintaining labour standards and good working conditions, engagement of stakeholders, observance of human rights and practicing good governance. A multinational corporation will show corporate irresponsibility on failure to take the social responsibility measures (Adeyeye, 2012). According to McIntyre et al (2009) one of the corporate irresponsibility incidents of multinational corporations is the violation of human rights by these corporations, and another one is environmental mismanagement. For instance the MCNs in oil extracting countries have been observed over the years to have violated the rights of the oil bearing communities. The violation usually arises from the conflicts between the two groups concerning land rights and compensation for the ecological damages that are caused by these corporations during oil extraction. The extraction mainly causes negative effects on the environment and the MNCs show corporate irresponsibility by not finding the appropriate measures of managing the effects caused. The multinational corporations further fail to meet the expectations of these communities concerning compensation as well as environmental management. The result of this corporate irresponsibility is frustration of the communities arising from unfulfilled expectations as well as violence as form of response. The operations of these multinational corporations have been attributed to the cases of underdevelopment in the countries (Sornarajah, 2010). The efforts of free trade markets to better the global economy and making sure that multinationals are accountable for their effects on the environments and stakeholders, have failed since the multinational corporations are making more efforts to cover their abuses on the environment as well as the human rights instead of preventing them. Among the multinational

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Reflection paper - Essay Example The role of books has been downplayed to an extent where books are slowly fading off the scene. Literary works such as Harrison Bergeron, The Cold Equations, The Pedestrian, The Pit and the Pendulum and 1984 are some which deserve to be read on by generations to come due to their remarkable content and style. Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut is set in the future where government control is quite strong. Harrison is the fourteen year old son of Hazel and George but has to be taken away from his family by the government (1). Equality is strictly implemented, which means everything or everyone has to be average. This implies that no one can be stronger, more beautiful or more intelligent. Equality, in essence, is maintained through the use of â€Å"handicaps† (Vonnegut, 1). This is one reason why George has a radio implanted in his ear that inhibits his thought process by using periodical noise tuned by the transmitter controlled by the government. The story provides a graphical journey to the future where individual qualities are suppressed and technology dominates social lives while the government presents the worst form of a controlling authority. Due to its far-thinking storyline, the book should be read by people and thus should be kept from the hands of the firemen. Another futuristic story, although controversial, is presented by Tom Godwin in his book The Cold Equation. The book is set in a science fiction like setting where an EDS (Emergency Dispatch Ship) is heading towards the planet Woden. According to the rules, any stowaway discovered on the way is to be jettisoned off the EDS (Godwin, 1). The pilot faces the dilemma after he finds an eighteen year old young girl named Marilyn, who wants to see her brother after ten years. However, in the desperation of the situation, Marilyn is ejected out of the spacecraft out into the space or the whole EDS could have suffered. Again, the book wonderfully creates a fictitious

Project part 4 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project part 4 - Research Paper Example It is not that bad because during summer, there is usually a heavy rainfall which helps us to grow our crops as it provides enough water for them. We still do the traditional farming despite the advances of machines in agriculture. We plant wheat, maize, potatoes and soybeans. We also consume them because it enables us to save money and sell our surplus in the market. Our village is just small but we have a good sense of community. Although technology has already spread to the rest of China, we still manage to have those traditional good old fun of having tea and good conversation. I start the day early. I usually woke up at 5 in the morning where my wife prepares me food. She also cooks something extra for me to eat for lunch. My children wakes up a little later and prepare for school. After breakfast, I immediately go to the farm either to till the land or plant some crop. Depending on the day of the week, my wife usually go to the grocery during Mondays to buy foods, supplies for the children and buy items for the house .Since I make a living as a farmer, she does not have to buy much from the grocery as many of the items that we eat is already grown in the farm. She just usually shops for meat, some grocery items for the house and kids for the rest of the week. During the rest of the week, she keeps our house tidy and makes sure that our children are well taken cared off. She also does much of the academic tutoring to the children. In the farm, the seeds have to be planted and the land has to be tilled to make sure that I have a good harvest for me to provide my family. Also, I have to check that there no pests destroying my crops especially when harvest time is near. Good harvest is getting tougher to attain because I have to worry about a lot of things. This climate change has really an effect on farming as the weather is now harder to predict. It is no longer the same as before where heavy rains are expected during summer that gives us good harvests. Tod ay, there are times that it does not rain during summer and it is cut shorter for the longer winter. It is bad because it affects my harvest and I do not have a big land to till which is my only source of income. I usually go home at 5 in the afternoon just after the children has arrived from school. After resting for just half an hour, I usually spend time with them and my wife. Afterwhich, we usually have an early dinner to talk about what happened in school and also an opportunity to bond with the family. When we are done and the children are about to attend to their homework, my wife and I entertain ourselves with our modest television set in the house and watch our favorite show. China has already fully opened itself that we are now able to watch foreign syndicated TV shows. The children are already growing up and I am afraid that they may not get a good job in the future because jobs are getting scarce in China. I do not want them to end up as a farmer like me because life as a farmer can be difficult and it no longer that profitable. African Parent My name is Jumoke and I am from South Africa. I am an Afrikaner, a black man and a head of a family of five. My wife and our three children live in a modest house in Cape Town, the capital of South Africa. Life has changed for us black people for the better since the dismantling of apartheid. It took several decades for us to really live equally with the whites but now we are already equal on all aspects. I am working in the

Different Cultures And Clothing Cultural Studies Essay

Different Cultures And Clothing Cultural Studies Essay The Peranakan retained most of their ethnic and religious origins (such as ancestor worship), but assimilated the language and culture of the Malays. The Nyonyas clothing, Baju Panjang (Long Dress) was adapted from the native Malays Baju Kurung. It is worn with a batik sarong (batik wrap-around skirt) and 3 kerosang (brooches). Beaded slippers called  Kasot Manek  were a hand-made made with much skill and patience: strung, beaded and sewn onto canvas with tiny faceted glass beads from  Bohemia(present-day  Czech Republic). In modern times, glass beads from  Japan  are preferred. Traditional  kasot manek  design often have European floral subjects, with colors influenced by Peranakan porcelain and batik sarongs. They were made onto flats or bedroom slippers. But from the 1930s, modern shapes became popular and heels were added. In Indonesia, the Peranakans develop their own Kebaya, most notably kebaya encim, and developed their own batik patterns, which incorporate symbols from China.for the Baba they will wear baju lokchuan(which is the Chinese men full costume)but the younger generation they will wear just the top of it which is the long sleeved silk jacket with chinese collar or the batik shirt. Malay See also:  Malaysian Malay Traditional Malay attire is the baju melayu, a loose tunic which is worn over trousers and usually accompanied with a sampin, which is a sarong which is wrapped around a mans hips.[1]  It is also often accompanied with a  songkok  or cap, on their head. Traditional clothing for men in Malaysia consists of a silk or cotton skirt and shirt with a scarf like piece of cloth tied around his waist. This scarf is sewn together at the ends and is traditionally called a sarong or a  kain. Most of the clothing is made up of bright and bold colors. The man also wears a religious hat. Malay women wear the  baju kurung, a knee-length blouse worn over a long skirt. Usually a scarf of shawl is worn with this. Prior to the wide embrace of Islam, Malay women wore kemban, which were sarongs which were tied just above the chest.[1] Chinese See also:  Malaysian Chinese The classical everyday clothing for men in Malaysia is a short sleeved shirt worn outside the trousers, light-weight trousers and informally, sandals for comfort. The Chinese women wear the  cheongsam, a one-piece dress with a high collar, diagonally closed with small clips or toggles (fabric clasps). It sometimes can have slits at the side, as is made with a soft fabric such as  silk.[1]  The cheongsam is especially popular around the time of the Chinese New Year and other formal gatherings (the fourth and fifth women from the right in the picture above). Older well-respected women wear a  samfoo, which looks like pajamas with a separate loose fitting top fastened by toggles and ankle length, or above the ankle, pants. Indian See also:  Malaysian Indian Indians in Malaysia as with elsewhere in the world wear  sarees, a cloth of 5-6 yards which is usually worn with a  petticoat  of a similar shade. It is wrapped around the body so that the embroidered end hangs over the shoulder, while the petticoat is worn above the bellybutton to support the saree, which can be made from a wide variety of materials. The Punjabi  Salwar kameez  is popular with women from northern India, and is a long tunic worn over trousers with a matching shawl.[1]  The fabric imported from India, made of the best quality silk is used in making saris. There are two layers to a sari: a long bright colored dress decorated with colorful beads sewn on it to make it look more attractive, and a wrap, a piece of straight fabric draped around one shoulder which ties across the body around the waist area. Women with a high standing will have their clothing made from gold and silver thread with elaborate beading. In formal occasions indian men wear the kurta, a knee-length shirt usually made from cotton or linen.[1]  The Indian men wear Sherwani, Lungi, Dhoti and Kurta-Pajama.The Sherwani: a coat like garment fitted close to the body, of knee-length or longer and opening in front with button-fastenings. Below the men wear a garment for the lower part of the body, baggy and wide at the top tied with a string at the waist , and tight around the legs and ankles. elhi. The Lungi: The traditional lungi originated in the south and today it is worn by men and women alike. It is simply a short length of material worn around the thighs rather like a sarong. The Dhoti: The most ancient recorded Indian drape is a dhoti. They require a piece of cloth which seems longer and larger than what was worn in the past, but their pleating is often simpler, and they are not adorned with belts anymore. All dhotis begin with the same basic closing. It is the only drape that doesnt start from one pallav but from the centre of the upper border. The middle of the cloth is tied around the hips. Each end of the cloth is then draped around the leg on its side. The Kurta-Pyjama: The Kurta or the top is a knee length colarless shirt which is adorned inmostly white or pastel colors. But today you will find Kurtas made out of the most wonderful and colorful of fabrics. Pyjama-are like loose trousers with a string tie at the waist. Traditionally white in color. Orang Asal See also:  Orang Asal Before the creation of ancient kingdoms, most aboriginal people wore bark costumes decorated with beads. In the times of early kingdoms hand-crafted textiles were used, and trade from other areas brought other outfits such as  silk  costumes,  pulicats  and  sarongs, and  jubbahs. The  Orang Asli  still wear clothing of natural materials, often out of treebark and skirt. Leaf fronds are sometimes crafted into headbands or other ornaments.[1] In  East Malaysia  similar clothes are worn. The  Orang Ulu  wear hand-loomed cloths as well as tree bark fabrics. Beads and feathers are used for decoration. The  Iban  are known for their woven pua kumbu. Another well known clothing item is the songket of the Sarawak Malay. In Sabah the clothing of different tribes differs with different amounts, with tribes in close proximity having similar clothing. Notable ones are the  Kadazan-Dusun  straw hats for ladies, the dastar of the  Bajau. Men from the Lotud tribe wear a headdress which has a number of fold points equal to the number of his wives.[1] Others Old chinese immigrants who married Malays and adopted some of their culture are known as the  Baba Nyonya. They wear kebaya, which are hard-made lace-word clothing, often with intricate embroidery.[1] Those descended from the Portuguese often wear Portuguese-style outfits. Men often wear jackets and trousers with waist sashes, while women wear broad front-layered skirts. The dominant colours are black and red.[1] Glossary Baju Kurung Kedah   worn only by Malay women as a daily dress for married women. it is a shorter dress with three-quarter sleeves, so the wearer can move around easily. Baju Batik   worn by men and women on a formal occasion. Usually colorful cotton printed in the  batik  or wax resist method of dyeing. Baju Melayu   worn by Malay men, it does not have any buttons but has a special kind of button called a butang. The fabric used to make a baju melayu is made from either nylon, satin, or silk. Along with this is a  songkok  or  kopiah, worn on the head. Songkok are generally a dark natural color, and the kopiah is a white color and represents purity. Baju Kurung   a baju kurung is worn by women for occasions such as school (as a uniform) or to a wedding. It too is brightly colored and can come in a variety of different printed designs. It is a knee length dress with a full length sleeves. Baju Kebarung   is a combination of the baju kebaya and the baju kurung. It is loose and almost reaches the ankles; it is not one of the traditional clothes of the Malay, but an adaptation.

Realistic and Magical Elements of A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings Es

Realistic and Magical Elements of A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings      Ã‚   "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" is a renowned short story written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. It was published in 1955. Gabriel Garcia Marquez was born and spent his childhood in Colombia but has lived in Paris and Mexico. As for the work that made him famous, "A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings" is considered by most an archetype of Magical Realism. When reading "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings," one comes across many elements of Magical Realism. A good specimen of Magical Realism is the old man with wings. An old man is normal and earthly. However, when wings are applied, what was once mundane becomes stereotype of Magical Realism. What is most important about they old man with wings is not actually the old man himself, but, more importantly, the fact that the characters interacting with the old man view him as just a old man with wings. Unlike the society that most live in, this society would never accept the old man as ordinary. The woman who was turned into a spider as a child for disobeying her parents is also a good model of Magical Realism. Things in Gabriel Garcia Marquez's works are classified as Magical Realism. The woman who knew of all things living and dead is a type of Magical Realism. How many people know everything? For that matter, how many people actually know anything? The point is that no one, no matter wh om, is capable of knowing everything.    Realistic elements are tossed into the melting pot of Magical Realism just as fictional elements are so commonly done. Capitalism is a realistic element that is never forgotten. No matter what any writer creates, it will more then likely have at least some kind of capi... ...hat it is a work of Magical Realism. Over all, "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings" is a perfect sample of Magical Realism. Works Cited Chanady, Amaryll. "Magical Realism in Spanish American Literature." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed.Louis Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C: UP, 1995: 125-144. Garcia Marquez, Gabriel. "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings." The Norton Introduction Literature. Ed. Jerome Beaty.N.Y. : W.W. Norton and Company, 1996.525-529. Leal, Luis. "Magical Realism in Spanish American Literature." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Louis Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris.Durham, N.C: UP, 1995:119-124. Roh, Franz. "Magical Realism in Spanish Literature." Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community. Ed. Louis Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham, N.C: Duke UP, 1995: 15-31.